Research Article

Beyond Tenure: A Quantitative Study on Competency Drivers in Local Government Human Resources

Authors

Abstract

This study examined whether demographic and human resource-related variables influence the competency ratings of employees. It was hypothesized that factors such as age, civil status, educational attainment, years of experience, attendance, salary, test results, learning and development activities, and performance ratings could predict competence. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, five predictors were found to significantly influence competency ratings: educational attainment, years of experience, intelligence quotient, learning and development participation, and performance rating. Together, these variables accounted for over half of the variance in ratings of competence. The results highlight that competency is not limited to years of experience, as cognitive and developmental factors are significantly involved. The results imply that in human resource planning for the local government units targeted training, higher education support, and promoting competency-based assessments are required to enhance workforce ability and public service delivery.

Keywords:

Competency Ratings Employee Performance Human Resource Management Learning and Development Local Government Units

Article information

Journal

Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Science

Volume (Issue)

2(2), (2025)

Pages

343-350

Published

27-08-2025

How to Cite

Dulnuan, C. D. L. (2025). Beyond Tenure: A Quantitative Study on Competency Drivers in Local Government Human Resources. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Science, 2(2), 343-350. https://doi.org/10.69739/jahss.v2i2.790

References

Albino, G. (2018). Technical and behavioral competencies on performance evaluation: Petrek leaders’ perspectives. SAGE Open, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018780972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018780972

Amegayibor, G. K. (2021). The effect of demographic factors on employees’ performance: A case of an owner-manager manufacturing firm. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v1i2.853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v1i2.853

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.

Bayudan-Dacuycuy, C., & Dacuycuy, L. B. (2021, December 20). PHL needs national upskilling drive (Discussion Paper No. DP 2021-28). Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2021.28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2021.28

Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001

Coetzee, M., & Stoltz, E. (2015). Employees’ satisfaction with retention factors: Exploring the role of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.012

David, A., Yigitcanlar, T., Li, R. Y. M., Corchado, J. M., Cheong, P. H., Mossberger, K., & Mehmood, R. (2023). Understanding Local Government Digital Technology Adoption Strategies: A PRISMA Review. Sustainability, 15(12), 9645. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129645

Dudley, N. M., Orvis, K. A., Lebiecki, J. E., & Cortina, J. M. (2006). A meta-analytic investigation of conscientiousness in the prediction of job performance: Examining the intercorrelations and the incremental validity of narrow traits. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.40

Estuche, R., & Tenedero, C. (2024). The impact of learning and development programs on the core competencies of Pasay City Government. Technological University of the Philippines. https://doi.org/10.17613/k7sn-jp23

Estuche, R., Valencia, M. K. Z., & Tenedero, C. (2024). The impact of learning and development programs on the core competencies of Pasay City Government. PhilArchive. https://philarchive.org/archive/ESTTIO-5

Hosen, S., Hamzah, S. R., Ismail, I. A., Alias, S. N., Abd Aziz, M. F., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Training & development, career development, and organizational commitment as the predictor of work performance. Heliyon, 10(1), e23903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23903

Kalia, N., & Bhardwaj, B. (2019). Contextual and task performance: Do demographic and organizational variables matter? Rajagiri Management Journal, 13(2), 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-09-2019-0017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-09-2019-0017

Kepes, S., & McDaniel, M. A. (2015). The validity of conscientiousness is overestimated in the prediction of job performance. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0141468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141468

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall.

Kosasih, I., Darmo, I. S., Rony, Z. T., Fatmawati, E., & Ali, H. (2024). The human resources competency development as the key to organizational success in Indonesia. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(2), e06890. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-123

Lantican, H. V., & Borja, A. S. (2020). Challenges in implementing performance-based assessment in Philippine LGUs. Local Government Review, 10(3), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.2048/lgr.2020.10398

Manasan, R. G., Gaffud, R., & Gonzalez, E. T. (1999). Indicators of good governance: Developing an index of governance quality at the LGU level (No. 1999-04). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.

Mendoza, C. N., & Bautista, P. D. S. (2022). Scenario-Based Training and Development Design among the Philippine Local Government Units. Texas Journal of Philology, Culture and History, 4, 8-24. https://zienjournals.com/index.php/tjpch/article/view/1057

Ouabi, Z., Douayri, K., Barboucha, F., & Boubker, O. (2024). Human resource practices and job performance: Insights from public administration. Societies, 14(12), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120247

Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/976618

Pomaranik, W., & Kludacz-Alessandri, M. (2024). Talent management practices and other factors affecting employee performance in the public healthcare sector in Poland: An empirical study using structural equation modelling. BMC Health Services Research, 24, 1667. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-12169-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-12169-4

Salgado, J. F., & Moscoso, S. (2019). Meta-analysis of the validity of general mental ability for five performance criteria: Hunter and Hunter (1984) revisited. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02227

Salgado, J. F., Anderson, N., Moscoso, S., Bertua, C., De Fruyt, F., & Rolland, J. P. (2003). A meta-analytic study of general mental ability validity for different occupations in the European community. Journal of applied psychology, 88(6), 1068. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1068

Silva, M., & Rodrigues, R. I. (2025). Training and job satisfaction in Portugal’s public sector: A sequential mediation model based on competency acquisition, performance appraisal, and career progression. Administrative Sciences, 15(5), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050189 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050189

Sugiarto, A., & Sutianingsih, S. (2025). Improving service performance through training, education and competency development. International Journal of Economics and Management Research, 4(2), 750–760. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v4i2.466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v4i2.466

Vu, T., & Plimmer, G., & Berman, E. (2025). HR competence in the public sector: antecedents and outcomes. Personnel Review, 54. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2024-0333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2024-0333

Zimmer, P., & Kirkegaard, E. O. W. (2023). Intelligence Really Does Predict Job Performance: A Long-Needed Reply to Richardson and Norgate. OpenPsych. https://doi.org/10.26775/OP.2023.02.12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26775/OP.2023.02.12

Downloads

Views

106

Downloads

35