Rethinking Nigeria’s Approach to Countering Terrorism, Banditry, and Ethnic Violence: A Comprehensive Analysis of National Security Strategies

Abstract

The objective of this investigation is to conduct a comprehensive examination of Nigeria's most pressing security challenges, such as terrorism, banditry, and violence between ethnic groups. The study assesses the effectiveness of the Nigerian government's responses to these challenges and examines the broader implications for national security and development. A qualitative research design was implemented, which included semi-structured interviews with primary stakeholders and secondary data obtained from academic literature and governmental publications. The data was analysed using thematic analysis to identify the primary patterns and insights. Interviews revealed that local communities perceive military campaigns as disruptive; leading to displacement, property destruction, and human rights violations; while failing to address the root socio-economic and governance issues driving insecurity. The primary conclusions of the investigation indicate that Nigeria's security strategy has been inadequate. Military interventions have only offered temporary relief and have not addressed the fundamental causes of insecurity. The stability of the nation continues to be significantly threatened by the Boko Haram insurgency, banditry, and ethnic violence. Relocation, human rights violations, and intensifying animosity between the government and affected populations have been the consequences of reliance on military force, insufficient socio-economic reforms, and weak political remedies. The report concludes that Nigeria requires a comprehensive security strategy that encompasses military action, improved governance, socio-economic development, and efforts to address the underlying causes of violence. A comprehensive, integrated approach is necessary to restore national security, promote stability, and ensure that development is sustainable throughout the nation.