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Review Article

Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Transgenic Crops: A Critical Review of Gene Function Validation under Variable Agronomic Conditions

Authors

  • Chinechendo N. Eze Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4934-7331

    chinexng@gmail.com

  • Juwon I. Hassan Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7359-1784
  • Richmore Chiamaka Ibeh Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6831-7285
  • Igboeli Chukwuduziem N. Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • Samuel Osabutey Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, State College, PA, 16801, USA
  • Oluwasola David Kehinde Department of Environmental Change Management and Monitoring, University of Hull, UK

Abstract

Genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions frequently derail transgenic crops that excel under controlled conditions. Abiotic stress, soil chemistry, and photoperiod can suppress promoters, destabilize transcripts, or misfold proteins, reshaping phenotypes across locations. Literature from the past two decades reveals recurring patterns: Bt Cry toxins lose potency during drought and heat; OsTZF5 rice yields rise only within moderate moisture deficits; safe-harbor insertions and stress-inducible promoters reduce but do not eliminate variability. Contemporary toolkits, AMMI and GGE biplots, UAV phenomics, multi-omics tracking, and crop simulators detect interaction signals earlier, while machine-learning models direct trials toward environments with high crossover risk. A staged validation pipeline is proposed: factorial stress screens, multi-environment trials, molecular bookkeeping, data integration, and iterative redesign through predictive modeling. Environment-responsive constructs tested in this framework produce evidence that satisfies regulatory comparators, improves deployment targeting, and strengthens confidence that laboratory performance will translate to climate-volatile farms.

Keywords:

Agronomic Conditions Gene Function Validation Genotype Transgenic Crops

Article information

Journal

Journal of Environment, Climate, and Ecology

Volume (Issue)

2(2), (2025)

Pages

63-76

Published

18-09-2025

How to Cite

Eze, C. N., Hassan, J. I., Ibeh, R. C., Igboeli, C. N., Osabutey, S., & Kehinde, O. D. (2025). Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Transgenic Crops: A Critical Review of Gene Function Validation under Variable Agronomic Conditions. Journal of Environment, Climate, and Ecology, 2(2), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.69739/jece.v2i2.1021

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