Article section
A Comprehensive Review of the Synergy between Probiotic Bacteria and Medicinal Fungi: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Combination Therapies
Abstract
The probiotic bacteria coupled with the medical fungi serve as an indication of a developmental field of medical action, which offers the individual component efficacy to surpass effect. In this analysis, attention is paid to the clinical impact of mechanical foundations, medicine and popular probiotic fungi. Lately, due to the improved knowledge of the next generation of probiotics (NGP) and fungi -bioactive substances, novel mechanism has been identified that operates on immune regulation, antimicrobial effects and overall health. The combination of bacterial metabolites and fungal polymarides can also be quite helpful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, virus diseases and metabolic disorders. This broad research incorporates the modern results of research, represents the gaps of knowledge and suggests the future directions of this fast evolving medical paradigm.
Keywords:
Dysbiosis Microbiota Neurocystic Disorders Polyamide Trametes Versicolor
Article information
Journal
Journal of Life Science and Public Health
Volume (Issue)
1(2), (2025)
Pages
39-48
Published
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2025 Rajaa Ali Habeeb (Author)
Open access

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Adams, K. L., Thompson, R. J., & Martinez, S. A. (2022). Pharmacogenomics and microbiota interactions in customized probiotic treatment. Personalized Medicine Journal, 15(3), 234-251.
Ajaj, E. A., Mohammad, H. A., & Gharban, H. A. (2021). First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq. Veterinary World, 14(6), 1420.
Al-Gharban, H. A., & Al-Taee, H. S. (2016). Seroclinical diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale bacteria in carrier arabian one-humped camels. Basrah Journal of veterinary Research, 15, 346-359.
Al-Gharban, H. A. A. J. (2017). Seroepidemiological detection and culture utilization for diagnosis of carrier horses and donkeys with strangles. Journal of Education College Wasit University, 1(28), 649-660.
Anderson, E. F., McLaughlin, T. J., & Watling, R. (2002). A complete guide to the biology and cultural effects of mushrooms. Press for Academics.
Anderson, M. P., Wilson, D. K., & Chen, L. (2023). Effectiveness of the Lactobacillus plantarum and Hericium erinaceus combination in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology Research, 41(2), 123-135.
Brown, A. R., Davis, J. L., & Kumar, P. (2022). A 12-month prospective investigation on the long-term safety of mixtures of probiotic and medicinal fungus. Safety in Probiotics, 8(4), 445–458.
Brown, G. D., & Wilson, D. (2020). Fungal immunity and immunomodulation: Mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20(9), 545–559.
C. Martinez-Lopez, K. R. Brown, & H. Zhang (2021). Cytokine regulation via interactions between probiotic and medicinal fungus. Cytokine Research, 29(11), 789–804.
Chen, W., Zhang, Y., & Liu, X. (2021). Synergistic effects of probiotic bacteria and medicinal fungi: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Microbial Biotechnology, 28(7), 892–908.
Chen, Y., Li, W., Sun, X., Wang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2019). Probiotic modes of action: Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01254
Clark, S., & Miller, A. (2012). Medicinal mushrooms in cancer treatment: A clinical evaluation. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 11(3), 248–257.
Davis, S. M., Johnson, R. T., & Park, H. S. (2022). Enhancement of immune recovery in cancer patients using probiotic-fungi combo therapy. Oncology and Immunology, 19(6), 334–347.
EFSA stands for the European Food Safety Authority. (2022). Scientific assessment about the safety of innovative probiotic-fungi combinations under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA Journal, 20(8), e07412.
FDA is the Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Advice for businesses: Probiotic-medicinal fungus combo products. Federal Register, 88(45), 12234–12248.
Garcia, J., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., & Pereira, C. (2022). Lentinan: Transitioning from conventional medicine to contemporary adjuvant therapy. Functional Foods Journal, 88, 104890.
Garcia, M. R., Rodriguez, P. L., & Kim, S. J. (2023). Advanced delivery strategies for mixtures of probiotics and fungus include encapsulation and controlled release technologies. Drug Delivery Systems, 31(4), 278-292.
Hill, C., Guarner, F., Reid, G., Gibson, G. R., Merenstein, D. J., Pot, B., ... & Sanders, M. E. (2014). The consensus declaration from the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics on what the word "probiotic" means and how it should be used. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 11(8), 506–514.
International Probiotics Association. (2023). Regulatory harmonization and best practices for probiotic-fungi combo products. IPA Technical Report, 2023-07, 1-45.
Johnson, K. P., Smith, B. A., & Lee, M. (2023). Improved immunological responses in older adults using the combination therapy of Bifidobacterium longum and Cordyceps militaris. Aging and Immunity, 12(3), 189-202.
Kumar, R., Singh, A., & Patel, N. (2023). β-glucan facilitated immunomodulation in synergistic therapy including probiotics and fungi. Immunology and Microbiology, 34(5), 423–438.
Kumar, R., Sood, U., Gupta, V., Singh, M., & Lal, R. (2024). The human microbiome in health and disease: Contemporary viewpoints and prospective trajectories. Cell Host & Microbe, 35(2), 201–215.
Lee, S. H., Park, J. Y., & Wang, T. (2022). The effectiveness of probiotic-fungi combos for weight management: A randomized controlled experiment. Nutrition and Metabolism, 19(8), 567–581.
Martinez, L., & Rodriguez, M. (2022). Synergistic treatment modalities: Integrating probiotics with bioactive substances. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 43(4), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2022.01.007
Miller, J. S., Taylor, P. K., & Adams, R. (2022). Problems with quality control in probiotic-fungi combo products: Ways to standardize. Quality Assurance in Biotechnology, 16(2), 134-149.
Park, D. H., Kim, Y. S., & Thompson, A. (2023). Enhancements in metabolic health by the combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Cordyceps sinensis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and Metabolism Research, 25(7), 445–459.
Radhi, O. A., AL-Taee, H. S., Sekhi, A. A., & Gharban, H. A. (2026). Phylogenic analysis of Helicobacter pylori detected in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 35(1).
Roberts, J., O'Brien, M., & Thomas, S. (2021). Medicinal mushroom polysaccharides' immune-modulating properties. Pharmacological Reviews, 73(4), 1–35.
Roberts, L. M., Wilson, J. P., & Garcia, R. (2023). A systematic study of the safety profile of probiotic-fungi combination treatments. Safety Studies in Natural Products, 11(4), 298–312.
Rodriguez-Martinez, P., Kim, H. J., & Anderson, C. (2022). Improved bioavailability of fungal substances by interactions with probiotic bacteria. Bioavailability Studies, 18(9), 656-671.
Sharma, P., Gibson, G. R., & Hotchkiss, A. T. (2024). Next-generation probiotics: Designing the future of microbial therapies. Nature Biotechnology, 42(1), 45–58.
Singh, V., Chen, M., & Davis, P. (2022). Immune tolerance mechanisms in combination therapy of probiotics and fungi. Tolerance and Autoimmunity, 7(3), 223-236.
Taylor, H., & White, A. (2025). Personalized probiotic therapies: A guide for the future. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 76, 102740.
Taylor, R. S., Johnson, M. K., & Lee, C. (2023). Special demographic considerations for probiotic-fungi combo treatments. Clinical Microbiology and Therapeutics, 22(6), 378-391.
Thompson, B. L., Martinez, A. R., & Kumar, S. (2023). Metabolic pathways in synergistic interactions between probiotics and fungus. Metabolic Engineering, 40(2), 156–173.
Thompson, K., Paquin, P., & Prakash, S. (2024). Advanced formulation technologies for the delivery of probiotics. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 186, 114315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114315
Wang, L., Brown, S. T., & Park, K. (2023). AI applications in the selection of tailored probiotic-fungi therapy. AI in Medicine, 14(5), 389–404.
Wang, X., Han, M., Zhang, L., & Zhao, J. (2022). Probiotic-fungal combos provide synergistic antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant organisms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 66(3), e02145-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02145-21
Wasser, S. P. (2017). Medicinal mushrooms in human clinical trials. Part I: A review of anticancer, oncoimmunological, and immunomodulatory actions. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 19(4), 279-317.
Wilson, C. R., Davis, A. M., & Singh, P. (2022). Using probiotic-Ganoderma lucidum combos to cure diarrhea caused by antibiotics. Antimicrobial Therapy, 33(8), 723-738.
Zhang, Q., Liu, K., & Rodriguez, M. (2022). Metabolism of bioactive compounds in interactions between probiotic and medicinal fungus. Biochemical Interactions, 27(4), 412–428.
Stecab Publishing

Call for Papers
Author's Guidelines
Manuscript Template
References Guideline