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Research Article

Probability-Based Approach On Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected To Flexural Forces With Palm Kernel Shell As A Partial Replacement For Coarse Aggregate

Authors

  • Samuel Lambe Akingbonmire Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
  • Victor Oluwakayode Maku Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1677-2679

    makuvictor30@gmail.com

  • Olufemi Gideon Falola Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study uses the probabilistic approach to analyze concrete beams made by replacing the coarse aggregate present in the concrete matrix with palm kernel shell at different percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). A total of 78 concrete cubes were cast. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was used to obtain the compressive strengths at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of curing, respectively. At 28 days of curing, the control (0%) had the highest compressive strength of 11.21 N/mm2. The compressive strength obtained for the control was not up to standard due to the silt content of the fine aggregate (8.7%) exceeding the recommended limit (8%). Reliability analysis was conducted on the concrete beam using the First-order reliability method on CalREL. The compressive strength results were utilized. The analysis revealed that an increase in the input parameters, such as span, dead load, and live load, led to a decrease in the reliability indices of the beam. However, an increase in the depth of the beam led to an increase in the reliability indices. Although the 5% PKS beam demonstrated comparatively higher reliability than the mixes with greater replacement levels under the study's conditions, its performance is evaluated relative to a low-quality control mix. The results have therefore shown that low-level replacement of PKS (5%) could provide acceptable reliability in terms of lightweight construction within the limitations of the tested materials, but further validation with the standard-quality control concrete is required.

Keywords:

CalRel Compressive Strength Palm Kernel Shell Reinforced Concrete Beams Reliability

Article information

Journal

Scientific Journal of Engineering, and Technology

Volume (Issue)

2(2), (2025)

Pages

141-148

Published

26-11-2025

How to Cite

Akingbonmire, S. L., Maku, V. O., & Falola, O. G. (2025). Probability-Based Approach On Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected To Flexural Forces With Palm Kernel Shell As A Partial Replacement For Coarse Aggregate. Scientific Journal of Engineering, and Technology, 2(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.69739/sjet.v2i2.1203

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