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Review Article

Biodiesel Beyond Fuel: A Review of Expanding Applications and Embracing Circularity

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Abstract

Biodiesel, which is traditionally viewed as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels, is also gaining new applications outside of energy. In this review, 182 peer-reviewed articles and patents retrieved via Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, MDPI, ResearchGate, Scopus, ScienceDirect, among others were systematically synthesized concerning 2012-2025 as of August 2025. These 94 studies represent the percentage of traditional fuel applications, the 47 studies non-fuel applications (with 18 studies on green solvents, 16 on biodegradable lubricants, and 13 on specialty polymers), 28 studies into glycerol valorization into chemicals, e.g. of 1,2-propanediol, organic monomers and polymer additives, and 13 studies on circular economy strategies. Results demonstrate that biodiesel can be utilized as a raw material to develop quality and environmental-friendly products. Critical issues such as the cost of production, quality control, and regulatory gaps are also highlighted. Researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers can use this review as a source of actionable insights by focusing on recent research, patents, and industrial developments significant to obtain a sustainable and circular bioeconomy.

Keywords:

Bio-Based Materials Biodiesel Circular-Economy Glycerol Non-Fuel Applications

Article information

Journal

Scientific Journal of Engineering, and Technology

Volume (Issue)

2(2), (2025)

Pages

71-86

Published

30-08-2025

How to Cite

Okpo, S. O. (2025). Biodiesel Beyond Fuel: A Review of Expanding Applications and Embracing Circularity. Scientific Journal of Engineering, and Technology, 2(2), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.69739/sjet.v2i2.901

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