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Immunological and Physiological Interactions Between Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Dysregulation

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Abstract

A complex immunological and metabolic mechanism, so thyroid dysregulation worsens the condition of the heart. In addition, combination of lipid-controlling hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and the autoantibodies destroys the physiology of the heart and the vascular homeostasis. The study involved the change in the cytokines and thyroid autoantibodies, lipid regulators, also cardiac damage due to determine the correlation between immunological and physiological biomarkers among autoimmune thyroid dysfunction patients as an outcome of the cardiovascular disease (CVD). Eighty participants comprised of thirty healthy controls and fifty CVD patients who had autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Measures of leptin, adiponectin, LDL, troponin, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), also, endothelin-1, interleukin-1- beta/IL-1-B, and the interleukin-1-10/IL-1-10 were made together with the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) in addition TSH receptor antibody (TR-Ab). Furthermore, the insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR. Otherwise, the statistical study, Pearson correlation and t-test were used. TPO-Ab, Tg-Ab, TR-Ab, leptin, LDL, troponin, carotid IMT, endothelin-1, IL-1 -, and HOMA-IR were found significantly higher in CVD patients than in controls, in contrast adiponectin and IL-10 were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Also, there were positive relationships between troponin and leptin (r = 0.484, p = 0.001) and TR-Ab and adiponectin (p = 0.024). In addition, the correlation between IL-10 and carotid IMT and LDL was found negative (p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively) having an anti-atherogenic effect. While the rest of the associations were not significant. According to the results, immunological dysregulation characterized by an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thyroid autoantibodies in combination with metabolic disequilibrium plays a significant role in cardiovascular pathology of patients with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, monitoring of therapy and risk assessment would be improved by the evaluation of these interconnected biomarkers. 

Keywords:

Adiponectin Autoantibodies Cytokine HOMA-IR IL-10 IL-1beta Leptin Troponin

Article information

Journal

Journal of Medical Science, Biology, and Chemistry

Volume (Issue)

2(2), (2025)

Pages

245-251

Published

14-11-2025

How to Cite

Ahmed, T. H., & Al-Mousawi, N. H. (2025). Immunological and Physiological Interactions Between Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Dysregulation. Journal of Medical Science, Biology, and Chemistry, 2(2), 245-251. https://doi.org/10.69739/jmsbc.v2i2.1229

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