Impact of Agroecological Practices on Crop Yield and Food Security in Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the impact of agroecological practices on crop yield and food security in Southwestern Nigeria. Using data collected from a sample of smallholder farmers, descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed to assess the relationship between agroecological techniques—such as organic farming, crop rotation, and integrated pest management (IPM)—and agricultural outcomes. The findings reveal that agroecological practices significantly improve crop yield, with organic farming having the strongest positive effect, followed by crop rotation and IPM. Additionally, these practices were associated with higher food security index (FSI) scores, indicating enhanced household food security compared to non-agroecological methods. While soil fertility management showed a positive relationship with yield, it was not statistically significant. The results underscore the potential of agroecological approaches to foster sustainable agricultural development, addressing the dual challenges of productivity and food insecurity in the region. The study recommends promoting these practices through policies and programs that support smallholder farmers, thereby enhancing agricultural resilience and economic well-being.