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Physiological and Immunological Evaluation of Hepato-Renal Disturbances Due to Low and High Doses of Carbimazole in Rats

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Abstract

Carbimazole is a widely utilized thionamide antithyroid drug that also functions as a prodrug for methimazole, It is normally administered to treat hyperthyroidism, but a large number of patients have recorded a number of side effects. Investigation the effects of low and high doses of carbimazole on liver and kidney functions and to assess immune-related responses through the measurement of various serum biochemical markers. Thirty adult female rats were purchased, acclimated and equally divided into three groups; NCG (Normal Control Group ): rats does not receive carbimazole, LCG (Low-Dose Carbimazole Group): rats treated with 80mg/Kg body weight, HCG (High-Dose Carbimazole Group): rats treated with160mg/Kg body weight. After the  experimental peroid, blood samples were collected directly from the heart and  centrifuged to obtain serum, and after that the serum samples were analyzed for hepato-renal biomarkers [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr), cystatin C (Cys-C), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), urea (BUN), furthermore liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP)] and immunological [kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Netrin-1 (Ntn-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)] serum markers by using the quantitative ELISA. Compared with the control group (NCG), both treated groups (LCG and HCG) exhibited significant increases (p<0.05) in AST (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 2.01 ± 0.19 ng/ml, respectively), BUN (1466.3 ± 2.02 vs. 2316 ± 129.58 nmol/ml, respectively), GGT (49.52 ± 3.79 vs. 79.42 ± 6.08 ng/L, respectively), L-FABP (300.1 ± 44.02 vs. 746.6 ± 48.12 pg/ml, respectively), NGAL (1393.8 ± 72.66 vs. 1601.1 ± 52.33 pg/ml, respectively), and Ntn-1 (48.86 ± 5.72 vs. 99.7 ± 7.64 pg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, ALP (9.87 ± 0.75 ng/ml), ALT (662.5 ± 34.27 pg/ml), Cr (35.25 ± 4.087 nmol/ml), Cys-C (48.6 ± 4.26 ng/ml), and KIM-1 (449.2 ± 74.02 pg/ml) were significantly elevated (p<0.05) only in rats of HCG group .Notably, AST, GGT, BUN, L-FABP, NGAL, and Ntn-1 levels were marked higher in the HCG group compared with the  LCG group. Carbimazole administration can cause variable degrees of hepatic and renal disturbances that following the received dose highlighting the importance of thorough patient selection, diligent monitoring, as well as, personalized therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with carbimazole treatment.

Keywords:

Antithyroid Drugs Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Immunity Iraq Liver Enzymes

Article information

Journal

Journal of Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Animal Science

Volume (Issue)

2(2), (2025)

Pages

129-136

Published

13-11-2025

How to Cite

Ahmed, T. H., & Al-Mousawi, N. H. (2025). Physiological and Immunological Evaluation of Hepato-Renal Disturbances Due to Low and High Doses of Carbimazole in Rats. Journal of Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Animal Science, 2(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.69739/jaaas.v2i2.1191

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